Thought Experiment
An immediate consequence of the equivalence principle is that gravity bends light. To visualize why this is true imagine a photon crossing the elevator accelerating into space. As the photon crosses the elevator, the floor is accelerated upward and the photon appears to fall downward. The same must be true in a gravitational field by the equivalence principle.
The principle of equivalence renders the gravitational field fundamentally different from all other force fields encountered in nature. The new theory of gravitation, the general theory of relativity, adopts this characteristic of the gravitational field as its foundation.
-although a simple and common sense assumption, the equivalence principle has strange consequences
-such as, photons will be effected by gravity, even though they have zero mass.
-"To visualize why this is true imagine a photon crossing the elevator accelerating into space.As the photon crosses the elevator, the floor is accelerated upward and the photon appears to fall downward. "
What is the speed of photons, and what is speed of the elevator?
-All matters have mass and among matters there exist a mutual attractive force among themselves, which is lablelled as gravitational force. Photons have zero mass.
-This thought experiment is false, illogical and misleading.
What is the speed of photons, and what is speed of the elevator?
-All matters have mass and among matters there exist a mutual attractive force among themselves, which is lablelled as gravitational force. Photons have zero mass.
-This thought experiment is false, illogical and misleading.
General Relativity
The second part of relativity is the theory of general relativity and
lies on two empirical findings that he elevated to the status of basic
postulates. The first postulate is the relativity principle: local
physics is governed by the theory of special relativity. The second
postulate is the equivalence principle: there is no way for an observer
to distinguish locally between gravity and acceleration.
The
general theory of relativity derives its origin from the need to extend
the new space and time concepts of the special theory of relativity
from the domain of electric and magnetic phenomena to all of physics
and, particularly, to the theory of gravitation. As space and time
relations underlie all physical phenomena, it is conceptually
intolerable to have to use mutually contradictory notions of space and
time in dealing with different kinds of interactions, particularly in
view of the fact that the same particles may interact with each other in
several different ways--electromagnetically, gravitationally, and by
way of so-called nuclear forces.
Newton's explanation
of gravitational interactions must be considered one of the most
successful physical theories of all time. It accounts for the motions of
all the constituents of the solar system with uncanny accuracy,
permitting, for instance, the prediction of eclipses hundreds of years
ahead. But Newton's theory visualizes the gravitational pull that the
Sun exerts on the planets and the pull that the planets in turn exert on
their moons and on each other as taking place instantaneously over the
vast distances of interplanetary space, whereas according to
relativistic notions of space and time any and all interactions cannot
spread faster than the speed of light. The difference may be
unimportant, for practical reasons, as all of the members of the solar
system move at relative speeds far less than 1/1,000 of the speed of
light; nevertheless, relativistic space-time and Newton's instantaneous
action at a distance are fundamentally incompatible. Hence Einstein set
out to develop a theory of gravitation that would be consistent with
relativity.
Einstein's general relativity resolved conflicts between Newton theory of gravity and the special theory of relativity, but make a big conflict with his special relativity itself about the existing of aether. Special relativity : aether do not exist, in this theory Einstein believe in Michelson-Morley experiments. General relativity: aether do exist, in this theory Einstein didn't believe in Michelson-Morley experiments.
There were two classical test of general relativity, the first was that light should be deflected by passing close to a massive body. The first opportunity occurred during a total eclipse of the Sun in 1919.
Measurements of stellar positions near the darkened solar limb proved Einstein was right. Direct confirmation of gravitational lensing was obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope last year.
-two classical tests of general relativity:
-the first is the deflection of starlight by the Sun's gravity as measured by the 1919 solar eclipse experiment
Measurements of stellar positions near the darkened solar limb proved Einstein was right. Direct confirmation of gravitational lensing was obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope last year.
-the first is the deflection of starlight by the Sun's gravity as measured by the 1919 solar eclipse experiment
-Illustration above is wrong. Left is true position of star and right is apparent position of star. The apparent position of star is always higher than the true position of star.
-Einstein's proving method for his hypothesis 'the deflection of light by the Sun' is not scientific and deeply wrong.
-The deflection of starlight is something very common, it is not cause by gravity field of a massive object, but it occurs due the refraction of light, namely astronomical refraction and terrestrial refraction.
-Einstein's proving method for his hypothesis 'the deflection of light by the Sun' is not scientific and deeply wrong.
-The deflection of starlight is something very common, it is not cause by gravity field of a massive object, but it occurs due the refraction of light, namely astronomical refraction and terrestrial refraction.
BLACK HOLE
The fact that light is bent by a gravitational field brings up the following thought experiment. Imagine adding mass to a body. As the mass increases, so does the gravitational pull and objects require more energy to reach escape velocity. When the mass is sufficiently high enough that the velocity needed to escape is greater than the speed of light we say that a black hole has been created.
-when escape velocity exceeds the speed of light a black hole forms
-How light is effected by gravity is determined by how light contributes to the stress energy tensor. Needless to say that light does contribute to it (all forms of energy do)
According to Newtonian gravity, light is not affected by gravity, as light is massless. Einstein's law E = mc2, immediately suggests that light is affected by gravity. This is indeed the case and has experimentally be observed via gravitational lensing and other effects.
In this case special relativity deeply wrong. Light have no mass, can't bent by a gravitational field/warped space, but that light is bent by refraction. Einstein make a fatal mistake for his ignorance of the light refraction. There is no gravitational lensing. Lensing by refraction of light, not gravity.
-Black hole is made based on unscientific.
-Black hole do not exist.
-Einstein himself didn't believe in black hole. Einstein is The Reluctant Father of Black Hole.
According to Newtonian gravity, light is not affected by gravity, as light is massless. Einstein's law E = mc2, immediately suggests that light is affected by gravity. This is indeed the case and has experimentally be observed via gravitational lensing and other effects.
In this case special relativity deeply wrong. Light have no mass, can't bent by a gravitational field/warped space, but that light is bent by refraction. Einstein make a fatal mistake for his ignorance of the light refraction. There is no gravitational lensing. Lensing by refraction of light, not gravity.
-Black hole is made based on unscientific.
-Black hole do not exist.
-Einstein himself didn't believe in black hole. Einstein is The Reluctant Father of Black Hole.
GRAVITATIONAL LENS
- a region of space containing a massive object whose gravitational field distorts electromagnetic radiation passing through it in a similar way to a lens, sometimes producing a multiple image of a remote object.
"Black holes, the cosmic microwave background, pulsars, neutron stars, gravitational lenses , gravity waves - these are just a few of the phenomena that would make no sense without general relativity."
LENSING BY REFRACTION, NOT GRAVITY.
Remarkably, the paper goes on to postulates that gravitational attraction is only between material bodies – bodies with mass – and that light waves have no mass, so cannot be affected by gravity.
THE EXPANDING UNIVERSE
The expanding universe is not correct. If it was correct, all of celestial bodies (constellations,etc) should be expand, so that its shape will change. In reality, the form of constellations did not change.
If the shape of constellations do change - for example, form of the Crux constellations (The Southern Cross) has change - It can not be used to get a position of the South Celestial Pole. It mean the end of astronomy and astrology.
In science fiction, space and time warps are a commonplace. They are used for rapid journeys around the galaxy, or for travel through time. But today's science fiction, is often tomorrow's science fact. So what are the chances for space and time warps
(STEPHEN HAWKING)
RT:Your expertise has been used in Hollywood. You were a scientific advisor to the movie Interstellar, the film where the hero enters a black hole. That’s fiction, but how close is it to becoming a fact. Is such a mission ever going to be possible, do you think?
KT: I believe that humans will ultimately do missions to black holes, but the nearest black hole is much farther away than the nearest other star besides the Sun. We don’t have the technology to go there now, we won’t have the technology to go there for several centuries, but I do believe we will get there and we will do explorations in the vicinities of the black holes. Very, very unlikely that anyone will ever go inside a black hole and survive. We’re not 100 percent sure, and in the movie Interstellar it does happen and I explain it in the book I wrote called The Physics of Interstellar. I explain how it happens, but that’s speculative. We don’t understand the interiors of black holes well enough to know whether that could really happen – and it probably can’t.
Prof Sheila Rowan, Institute for Gravitational Research, Glasgow:
Gravitational waves:Reward for five decades of teamwork
If gravitational waves exist, was the gravitational waves travel through ether?
Albert Einstein : "Recapitulating, we may say that according to the general theory of relativity space is endowed with physical qualities; in this sense, therefore, there exists an ether. According to the general theory of relativity space without ether is unthinkable; for in such space there not only would be no propagation of light, but also no possibility of existence for standards of space and time ..."(Albert Einstein gave an address on 5 May 1920 at the University of Leiden)
In the late 19th century, luminiferous aether, aether or ether, meaning light-bearing aether, was the postulated medium for the propagation of light.(wikipedia)
Albert Einstein : "Recapitulating, we may say that according to the general theory of relativity space is endowed with physical qualities; in this sense, therefore, there exists an ether. According to the general theory of relativity space without ether is unthinkable; for in such space there not only would be no propagation of light, but also no possibility of existence for standards of space and time ..."(Albert Einstein gave an address on 5 May 1920 at the University of Leiden)
In the late 19th century, luminiferous aether, aether or ether, meaning light-bearing aether, was the postulated medium for the propagation of light.(wikipedia)
