THE UNIVERSE AND DR.EINSTEIN
LINCOLN BARNETT'S BOOK, PREFACE BY ALBERT EINSTEIN, LONDON 1949, PAGE 78 -79
(archiveorg)
NOT SCIENTIFIC AND DEEPLY WRONG:
“From these purely theoretical considerations Einstein concluded
that light, like any material object, travels in a curve when passing through
the gravitational field of a massive body. He suggested that his theory
could be put to test by observing the path of starlight in the gravitational
field of the Sun. Since the stars are invisible by day, there is only one
occasion when Sun and stars can be seen together in the sky, and that is during
an eclipse.
Einstein proposed
therefore, that photographs be taken of the stars immediately bordering the
darkened face of the sun during an eclipse and compared with photographs of
those same stars made at another time. According to his theory, the light
from the stars surrounding the Sun should be bent inward, toward the Sun, in
traversing the Sun’s gravitational field; hence the images of these stars
should appear to observer on earth to be shifted outward from their usual
positions in the sky.
Einstein calculated the degree of deflection that should be observed and predicted that for the stars closest to the Sun the deviation would be about 1.75 seconds of an arc.Since he staked his whole General Theory of Relativity on this test, men of science throughout the world anxiously awaited the findings of expeditions which journeyed to equatorial regions to photograph the eclipse of May 29, 1919. When their pictures were developed and examined, the deflection of the starlight in the gravitational field of the sun was found to average 1.64 seconds – a figure as close to perfect agreement with Einstein’s prediction as the accuracy of instruments allowed.“
The proving method for hypothesis as suggested by Einstein as the theory founder should not be able to be carried out, considering the fact that in scientific exposure in astronomy, the instant observation applies. It means, all calculations to determine the ‘true position’ and the ‘apparent position’ of a certain star at the sky is only applicable at a certain time and at a certain place on which such observation is performed.
The illustration above is not correct, it means Albert Einstein is not correct as he wrote preface in this book . In reality the Apparent Position is always higher than the True Position of star.
Two illustration below are correct
Newtonian angle of deflection of light by the Sun.
In fact, there is not deflection by the Sun, but by Refraction of Light
Refraction means the bending of light rays as they pass through the earth's atmosphere, with the result that the body looks higher than it actually is.
|
( grupounicanes)
Above incorrect illustration, below another incorrect illustration
If Einstein's theory of
relativity was correct, then the light from stars that passed closest to the
sun would show the greatest degree of "bending." (
undsci.berkeley.edu )
If Einstein’s theory of general relativity was correct, then the light from stars that passed closest to the sun would show the greatest degree of “bending”. And the stars whose light tracks are very far from the sun have their lights not being bent or deflected.
The stars
whose lights are not deflected means that there is no difference between the
apparent position and the true position of the stars. If being consistent with
this theory, it means that all stars visible at night time are at the
appearance of the stars on their true positions, because the said stars do not
pass through the field of gravity. This is certainly incorrect if it is seen from the astronomical scientific point of
view.
The stars in the sky at night time and seen by the observers, all are stars on apparent positions, not on
their true positions. Light deflection
is not caused by gravity/gravitational field of the Sun, but by refraction (Newtonian angle of deflection of light "by the Sun').
Albert Einstein proposed three classical tests of the general relativity theory, with comments:
1.the perihelion precession of
Mercury’s orbit.
2.the deflection of light by
the Sun.
3.the gravitational redshift of
light.
"The chief attraction of the theory lies in
its logical completeness. If a single one of the conclusions drawn from it
proves wrong, it must be given up; to modify it without destroying the whole structure seems to be impossible." (wikipedia).
"Einstein proposed therefore, that photographs be taken of the stars immediately bordering the darkened face of the sun during an eclipse and compared with photographs of those same stars made at another time."
Explanations:
1.Deflection of light is the different angle between true position and apparent position of stars or the different of altitude. In astronomy, true position and apparent position of stars are three dimensionals.
All the photographs be taken of the stars are two dimensionals.
In this case Einstein ignored 'The Space and Time' or Celestial Sphere (Celestial Coordinate System), the fundamental concept of celestial bodies coordinate in astronomy.
In this case Einstein ignored 'The Space and Time' or Celestial Sphere (Celestial Coordinate System), the fundamental concept of celestial bodies coordinate in astronomy.
2.All the photographs be taken of solar eclipse ( the Sun and stars ) are photo of the apparent positions of the Sun and stars. From these photos can not be use to calculate the deflection of light. No one can determine the correct angle of the deflection of light.
In this case Einstein clearly ignorance of the experimental techniques
In this case Einstein clearly ignorance of the experimental techniques
3.In astronomy, all calculations to determine the true position and the apparent position of a certain star at the sky is only applicable at a certain time and at a certain place on which such observation is performed.
To compared the photos taken during an eclipse with photos of those same stars made at another time is not scientific.
To compared the photos taken during an eclipse with photos of those same stars made at another time is not scientific.
Conclusions:
Einstein's proving method for his hypothesis the deflection of light by the Sun is not scientific and deeply wrong. General relativity has been wrong since the beginning.
Einstein made a mistake in his thought experiments
Einstein made a mistake in his thought experiments
(page 69)
(page 72)
"This physicists are still in the elevator, but this time they really are in the empty space, far away from the attractive power of any celestial body.A cable is attached to the roof of the elevator; some supernatural force begins reeling in the cable; and the elevator travels "upward" with constant acceleration, i.e. progressively faster and faster. Again the men in the car have no idea where they are, and again they perform experiments to evaluate their situation. This time they notice that their feet press solidly against the floor come up beneath them.
If they release objects from their hands, the objects appear to "fall".If they toss object in a horizontal direction they do not move uniformly in a straight line, but describe a parabolic curve with respect to the floor.
And so the scientist, who have no idea that their windowless car actually is climbing through interstellar space, conclude that they are situated in quite ordinary circumstances in a stationary room rigidly attached to the earth and affected in normal measure by the force of gravity. There is no way for them to tell whether they are at rest in a gravitational field or ascending with constant acceleration through outer space where there is no gravity at all.
...............
So Einstein's Law of Gravitation contain nothing about force. It describes the behavior of objects in a gravitational field - the planets, for example - not in terms "attraction" but simply in the terms of the paths they follow. To Einstein, gravitation is simply part of inertia; the movements of stars and the planets arise from their inherent inertia; and the courses they follow are determined by the metric properties of space -- or, more properly speaking, the metric properties of the space-time continum.
(Universe and Dr.Eintein, Lincoln Barnett, London 1949, page 69 - 72).
Thought experiments can be made to obtain the result they wanted to get. Likewise, thought experiments made by Albert Einstein. But with a little explanation we can use Einstein's thought experiment above to confirm the validity of Newton's Law of Gravity.
The elevator in the Einstein's thought experiment describe space-time, but unable / hard to describe the objects in space-time. Space-time is space with the objects (celestial bodies). "the elevator" travels 'upward' with constant acceleration means space-time without any objects/celestial bodies travels upward in space. Einstein made a mistake in his thought experiments.
'There is no way for them to tell whether they are at rest in a gravitational field or ascending with constant acceleration through outer space where there is no gravity at all.''
There is a way for them to tell that they are at rest in a gravitational field. For them, they have no idea about constant acceleration through outer space. Again, the men in the elevator have no idea where they are, and they perform experiments to evaluate their situation.
The men in the elevator pay attention that their feet press solidly against the floor come up beneath them. If they release objects from their hands, the objects appear to 'fall'. And they know they are at rest in a gravitational field, and affected by the force of gravity in accordance with the Newton's Law of Gravity.
'There is no way for them to tell whether they are at rest in a gravitational field or ascending with constant acceleration through outer space where there is no gravity at all.''
There is a way for them to tell that they are at rest in a gravitational field. For them, they have no idea about constant acceleration through outer space. Again, the men in the elevator have no idea where they are, and they perform experiments to evaluate their situation.
The men in the elevator pay attention that their feet press solidly against the floor come up beneath them. If they release objects from their hands, the objects appear to 'fall'. And they know they are at rest in a gravitational field, and affected by the force of gravity in accordance with the Newton's Law of Gravity.
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Again, thought experiments can be made to obtain the result they wanted to get.
In the case we want to describe the Newton's Law of Gravity, we can use Einstein's thought experiments:
"Physicists are in the elevator. They really are in the empty space, far away from the attractive power of any celestial body.
A cable is attached to the roof of the elevator; some supernatural force begins reeling in the cable; and the elevator travels "upward" with constant acceleration, i.e. progressively faster and faster. Again the men in the car have no idea where they are, and again they perform experiments to evaluate their situation. This time they notice that their feet press solidly against the floor come up beneath them.
If they release objects from their hands, the objects appear to "fall".If they toss object in a horizontal direction they do not move uniformly in a straight line, but describe a parabolic curve with respect to the floor.
And so the scientist, who have no idea that their windowless car actually is climbing through interstellar space, they have no idea about constant acceleration through outer space.
The men in the elevator notice that their feet press solidly against the floor come up beneath them. If they release objects from their hands, the objects appear to "fall". And they conclude that they are situated in quite ordinary circumstances in a stationary room rigidly attached to the earth and affected by the force of gravity in accordance with the Newton's Law of Gravity"
However, I do not recommend using it, because it is illogical.
See comments in Nature:
Gravitational waves: How LIGO forged the path to victory
Last update: 27 February 2016
