BLACK HOLE IS MADE BASED ON UNSCIENTIFIC

Thought Experiment

An immediate consequence of the equivalence principle is that gravity bends light. To visualize why this is true imagine a photon crossing the elevator accelerating into space. As the photon crosses the elevator, the floor is accelerated upward and the photon appears to fall downward. The same must be true in a gravitational field by the equivalence principle.

The principle of equivalence renders the gravitational field fundamentally different from all other force fields encountered in nature. The new theory of gravitation, the general theory of relativity, adopts this characteristic of the gravitational field as its foundation.

-although a simple and common sense assumption, the equivalence principle has strange consequences

-such as, photons will be effected by gravity, even though they have zero mass.

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-"To visualize why this is true imagine a photon crossing the elevator accelerating into space.As the photon crosses the elevator, the floor is accelerated upward and the photon appears to fall downward. "

What is the speed of photons, and what is speed of the elevator?


-All matters have mass and among matters there exist a mutual attractive force among themselves, which is lablelled as gravitational force.  Photons have zero mass.

-This thought experiment is false, illogical and misleading.

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General Relativity

The second part of relativity is the theory of general relativity and lies on two empirical findings that he elevated to the status of basic postulates. The first postulate is the relativity principle: local physics is governed by the theory of special relativity. The second postulate is the equivalence principle: there is no way for an observer to distinguish locally between gravity and acceleration.

The general theory of relativity derives its origin from the need to extend the new space and time concepts of the special theory of relativity from the domain of electric and magnetic phenomena to all of physics and, particularly, to the theory of gravitation. As space and time relations underlie all physical phenomena, it is conceptually intolerable to have to use mutually contradictory notions of space and time in dealing with different kinds of interactions, particularly in view of the fact that the same particles may interact with each other in several different ways--electromagnetically, gravitationally, and by way of so-called nuclear forces.

Newton's explanation of gravitational interactions must be considered one of the most successful physical theories of all time. It accounts for the motions of all the constituents of the solar system with uncanny accuracy, permitting, for instance, the prediction of eclipses hundreds of years ahead. But Newton's theory visualizes the gravitational pull that the Sun exerts on the planets and the pull that the planets in turn exert on their moons and on each other as taking place instantaneously over the vast distances of interplanetary space, whereas according to relativistic notions of space and time any and all interactions cannot spread faster than the speed of light. The difference may be unimportant, for practical reasons, as all of the members of the solar system move at relative speeds far less than 1/1,000 of the speed of light; nevertheless, relativistic space-time and Newton's instantaneous action at a distance are fundamentally incompatible. Hence Einstein set out to develop a theory of gravitation that would be consistent with relativity.

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Einstein's general relativity resolved conflicts between Newton theory of gravity and the special theory of relativity, but make a big conflict with his special relativity itself about the existing of aether. Special relativity : aether do not exist, in this theory Einstein believe in Michelson-Morley experiments. General relativity: aether do exist, in this theory Einstein didn't believe in Michelson-Morley experiments.

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There were two classical test of general relativity, the first was that light should be deflected by passing close to a massive body. The first opportunity occurred during a total eclipse of the Sun in 1919.

Measurements of stellar positions near the darkened solar limb proved Einstein was right. Direct confirmation of gravitational lensing was obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope last year.

-two classical tests of general relativity:

-the first is the deflection of starlight by the Sun's gravity as measured by the 1919 solar eclipse experiment

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-Illustration above is wrong. Left is true position of star and right is apparent position of star. The apparent position of star is always higher than the true position of star.

-Einstein's proving method for his hypothesis 'the deflection of light by the Sun' is not scientific and deeply wrong.

-The deflection of starlight is something very common, it is not cause by gravity field of a massive object, but it occurs due the refraction of light, namely astronomical refraction and terrestrial refraction.

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BLACK HOLE

The fact that light is bent by a gravitational field brings up the following thought experiment. Imagine adding mass to a body. As the mass increases, so does the gravitational pull and objects require more energy to reach escape velocity. When the mass is sufficiently high enough that the velocity needed to escape is greater than the speed of light we say that a black hole has been created.

- as gravity increases the escape velocity increases
   
-when escape velocity exceeds the speed of light a black hole forms

(AbyssUOregonEdu-ScienceLectures)

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 -How light is effected by gravity is determined by how light contributes to the stress energy tensor. Needless to say that light does contribute to it (all forms of energy do)

According to Newtonian gravity, light is not affected by gravity, as light is massless. Einstein's law E = mc2, immediately suggests that light is affected by gravity. This is indeed the case and has experimentally be observed via gravitational lensing and other effects.

In this case special relativity deeply wrong. Light have no mass, can't  bent by a gravitational field/warped space, but  that light is bent by refraction. Einstein make a fatal mistake for his ignorance of the light refraction. There is no gravitational lensing. Lensing by refraction of light, not gravity.

-Black hole is made based on unscientific.

-Black hole do not exist.

-Einstein himself didn't believe in black hole. Einstein is The Reluctant Father of Black Hole.

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GRAVITATIONAL LENS


- a region of space containing a massive object whose gravitational field distorts electromagnetic radiation passing through it in a similar way to a lens, sometimes producing a multiple image of a remote object.

"Black holes, the cosmic microwave background, pulsars, neutron stars, gravitational lenses , gravity waves - these are just a few of the phenomena that would make no sense without general relativity."

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LENSING BY REFRACTION, NOT GRAVITY. 

Remarkably, the paper goes on to postulates that gravitational attraction is only between material bodies – bodies with mass – and that light waves have no mass, so cannot be affected by gravity.

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THE EXPANDING UNIVERSE

The expanding universe is not correct. If it was correct, all of celestial bodies (constellations,etc) should be expand, so that its shape will change. In reality, the form of constellations did not change. 

If the shape of constellations do change - for example, form of the Crux constellations (The Southern Cross) has change - It can not be used to get a position of the South Celestial Pole. It mean the end of astronomy and astrology.

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In science fiction, space and time warps are a commonplace. They are used for rapid journeys around the galaxy, or for travel through time. But today's science fiction, is often tomorrow's science fact. So what are the chances for space and time warps

(STEPHEN HAWKING)

RT:Your expertise has been used in Hollywood. You were a scientific advisor to the movie Interstellar, the film where the hero enters a black hole. That’s fiction, but how close is it to becoming a fact. Is such a mission ever going to be possible, do you think? 

KT: I believe that humans will ultimately do missions to black holes, but the nearest black hole is much farther away than the nearest other star besides the Sun. We don’t have the technology to go there now, we won’t have the technology to go there for several centuries, but I do believe we will get there and we will do explorations in the vicinities of the black holes. Very, very unlikely that anyone will ever go inside a black hole and survive. We’re not 100 percent sure, and in the movie Interstellar it does happen and I explain it in the book I wrote called The Physics of Interstellar. I explain how it happens, but that’s speculative. We don’t understand the interiors of black holes well enough to know whether that could really happen – and it probably can’t.

RT TALKS TO LIGO PHYCISIST KIP THORNE

Prof Sheila Rowan, Institute for Gravitational Research, Glasgow:

Gravitational waves:Reward for five decades of teamwork

If gravitational waves exist, was the gravitational waves travel through ether?

Albert Einstein : "Recapitulating, we may say that according to the general theory of relativity space is endowed with physical qualities; in this sense, therefore, there exists an ether. According to the general theory of relativity space without ether is unthinkable; for in such space there not only would be no propagation of light, but also no possibility of existence for standards of space and time ..."(Albert Einstein gave an address on 5 May 1920 at the University of Leiden)


In the late 19th century, luminiferous aether, aether or ether, meaning light-bearing aether, was the postulated medium for the propagation of light.(wikipedia)

NOW WE KNOW THE TRUTH IN PHYSICS.

LET'S TOGETHER MAKE HISTORY TO RESHAPED PHYSICS

END OF THE 9 BIGGEST UNSOLVED MYSTERIES IN PHYSICS

The 9 Biggest Unsolved Mysteries In Physics

 Dark Matter by Artist

Pandora's box

In 1900, the British physicist Lord Kelvin is said to have pronounced: "There is nothing new to be discovered in physics now. All that remains is more and more precise measurement." Within three decades, quantum mechanics and Einstein's theory of relativity had revolutionized the field. Today, no physicist would dare assert that our physical knowledge of the universe is near completion. To the contrary, each new discovery seems to unlock a Pandora's box of even bigger, even deeper physics questions. These are our picks for the most profound open questions of all.

9.What is Dark Energy?

No matter how astrophysicists crunch the numbers, the universe simply doesn't add up. Even though gravity is pulling inward on space-time — the "fabric" of the cosmos — it keeps expanding outward faster and faster. To account for this, astrophysicists have proposed an invisible agent that counteracts gravity by pushing space-time apart. They call it dark energy. In the most widely accepted model of dark energy, it is a "cosmological constant": an inherent property of space itself, which has "negative pressure" driving space apart. As space expands, more space is created, and with it, more dark energy. Based on the observed rate of expansion, scientists know that the sum of all the dark energy must make up more than 70 percent of the total contents of the universe. But no one knows how to look for it.

8.What is Dark Matter?

Evidently, about 84 percent of the matter in the universe does not absorb or emit light. "Dark matter," as it is called, cannot be seen directly, and it hasn't yet been detected by indirect means, either. Instead, dark matter's existence and properties are inferred from its gravitational effects on visible matter, radiation and the structure of the universe. This shadowy substance is thought to pervade the outskirts of galaxies, and may be composed of "weakly interacting massive particles," or WIMPs. Worldwide, there are several detectors on the lookout for WIMPs, but so far, not one has been found. [If Not Dark Matter, then What?]

7. Why is there an arrow of time?

Time moves forward because a property of the universe called "entropy," roughly defined as the level of disorder, only increases, and so there is no way to reverse a rise in entropy after it has occurred. The fact that entropy increases is a matter of logic: There are more disordered arrangements of particles than there are ordered arrangements, and so as things change, they tend to fall into disarray. But the underlying question here is, why was entropy so low in the past? Put differently, why was the universe so ordered at its beginning, when a huge amount of energy was crammed together in a small amount of space? [What's the Total Energy in the Universe?]

6. Are there parallel universes?

Astrophysical data suggests space-time might be "flat," rather than curved, and thus that it goes on forever. If so, then the region we can see (which we think of as "the universe") is just one patch in an infinitely large "quilted multiverse." At the same time, the laws of quantum mechanics dictate that there are only a finite number of possible particle configurations within each cosmic patch (10^10^122 distinct possibilities). So, with an infinite number of cosmic patches, the particle arrangements within them are forced to repeat — infinitely many times over.  This means there are infinitely many parallel universes: cosmic patches exactly the same as ours (containing someone exactly like you), as well as patches that differ by just one particle's position, patches that differ by two particles' positions, and so on down to patches that are totally different from ours.

Is there something wrong with that logic, or is its bizarre outcome true? And if it is true, how might we ever detect the presence of parallel universes?

5. Why is there more matter than antimatter?
 
The question of why there is so much more matter than its oppositely-charged and oppositely-spinning twin, antimatter, is actually a question of why anything exists at all. One assumes the universe would treat matter and antimatter symmetrically, and thus that, at the moment of the Big Bang, equal amounts of matter and antimatter should have been produced. But if that had happened, there would have been a total annihilation of both: Protons would have canceled with antiprotons, electrons with anti-electrons (positrons), neutrons with antineutrons, and so on, leaving behind a dull sea of photons in a matterless expanse. For some reason, there was excess matter that didn't get annihilated, and here we are. For this, there is no accepted explanation.


4. What is the fate of the universe? 

The fate of the universe strongly depends on a factor of unknown value: Ω, a measure of the density of matter and energy throughout the cosmos. If Ω is greater than 1, then space-time would be "closed" like the surface of an enormous sphere. If there is no dark energy, such a universe would eventually stop expanding and would instead start contracting, eventually collapsing in on itself in an event dubbed the "Big Crunch." If the universe is closed but there is dark energy, the spherical universe would expand forever.

Alternatively, if Ω is less than 1, then the geometry of space would be "open" like the surface of a saddle. In this case, its ultimate fate is the "Big Freeze" followed by the "Big Rip": first, the universe's outward acceleration would tear galaxies and stars apart, leaving all matter frigid and alone. Next, the acceleration would grow so strong that it would overwhelm the effects of the forces that hold atoms together, and everything would be wrenched apart.

If Ω = 1, the universe would be flat, extending like an infinite plane in all directions. If there is no dark energy, such a planar universe would expand forever but at a continually decelerating rate, approaching a standstill. If there is dark energy, the flat universe ultimately would experience runaway expansion leading to the Big Rip.

Que sera, sera.

3. How do measurements collapse quantum wavefunctions?

In the strange realm of electrons, photons and the other fundamental particles, quantum mechanics is law. Particles don't behave like tiny balls, but rather like waves that are spread over a large area. Each particle is described by a "wavefunction," or probability distribution, which tells what its location, velocity, and other properties are more likely to be, but not what those properties are. The particle actually has a range of values for all the properties, until you experimentally measure one of them — its location, for example — at which point the particle's wavefunction "collapses" and it adopts just one location. [Newborn Babies Understand Quantum Mechanics]

But how and why does measuring a particle make its wavefunction collapse, producing the concrete reality that we perceive to exist? The issue, known as the measurement problem, may seem esoteric, but our understanding of what reality is, or if it exists at all, hinges upon the answer.

2. Is string theory correct?

When physicists assume all the elementary particles are actually one-dimensional loops, or "strings," each of which vibrates at a different frequency, physics gets much easier. String theory allows physicists to reconcile the laws governing particles, called quantum mechanics, with the laws governing space-time, called general relativity, and to unify the four fundamental forces of nature into a single framework. But the problem is, string theory can only work in a universe with 10 or 11 dimensions: three large spatial ones, six or seven compacted spatial ones, and a time dimension. The compacted spatial dimensions — as well as the vibrating strings themselves — are about a billionth of a trillionth of the size of an atomic nucleus. There's no conceivable way to detect anything that small, and so there's no known way to experimentally validate or invalidate string theory.

1. Is there order in chaos?

Physicists can't exactly solve the set of equations that describes the behavior of fluids, from water to air to all other liquids and gases. In fact, it isn't known whether a general solution of the so-called Navier-Stokes equations even exists, or, if there is a solution, whether it describes fluids everywhere, or contains inherently unknowable points called singularities. As a consequence, the nature of chaos is not well understood. Physicists and mathematicians wonder, is the weather merely difficult to predict, or inherently unpredictable? Does turbulence transcend mathematical description, or does it all make sense when you tackle it with the right math?

( LIVESCIENCE 2012 ) 

BY NOW SOLVED and Finish

9.Dark Energy, It is one of the most famous, and most embarrassing, problems in physics. But do not make sense (NewScientistCom )

8.Dark Matter, The trouble was, nobody could explain what this “dark matter” was.That's also do not make sense .(NewScientistCom )

None of our detectors or experiments have ever seen a dark matter particle directly, leading some to doubt that dark matter actually exists. Just as Newton’s theory of gravity is “good enough” for most familiar situations and reveals its limitations only in extreme situations or upon the most detailed examination, maybe what we call dark matter is actually a breakdown of general relativity.(PbsOrgPhysics )

7.An arrow of time, No evidence the early universe was in a state of extremely low entropy.(The Arrow of Time Still Puzzle ). An arrow of time is false. Finish.

6.Parallel Universe, Unscientific nonsense. ( ScientificAmerican )

5.More matter than antimatter, Why there's more matter than antimatter is one of the biggest questions confounding particle physicists and cosmologists, and it cuts to the heart of our own existence. In the time following the Big Bang, when the budding universe cooled enough for matter to form, most matter-antimatter particle pairs that popped into existence annihilated each other. Yet something tipped the balance in favor of matter, or we – and stars, planets, galaxies, life – would not be here.

The recently discovered Higgs boson is directly connected to the issues of mass and matter. Asking whether the Higgs is involved in the preponderance of matter over antimatter seems a reasonable question. ( The Higgs Boson a Clue ).

The Big Bang Theory Is Not Correct. General Relativity is wrong. So what the Higgs Boson? Antimatter unscientific nonsense.

4.What is the fate of the universe?  What is the ultimate fate of our universe? A Big Crunch? A Big Freeze? A Big Rip? or a Big Bounce? Measurements made by WMAP or the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe favor a Big Freeze. But until a deeper understanding of dark energy is established, the other three still cannot be totally ignored. (UniverseToday). 

Science should not answer all the questions, science is limited,

3.How do measurements collapse quantum wavefunctions?

At the Solvay conference in Brussels in 1927, twenty-two years after Einstein first tried to understand what is happening when the wave collapses, he noted;

    "If | ψ |2 were simply regarded as the probability that at a certain point a given particle is found at a given time, it could happen that the same elementary process produces an action in two or several places on the screen. But the interpretation, according to which | ψ |2 expresses the probability that this particle is found at a given point, assumes an entirely peculiar mechanism of action at a distance, which prevents the wave continuously distributed in space from producing an action in two places on the screen.”

Einstein came to call this spukhafte Fernwerkung, “spooky action at a distance.” It is known as nonlocality.

( Wave Function Collapse )

Scientists at the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) have proven beyond reasonable doubt that Einstein was wrong about one of the main principles of quantum mechanics and that "spooky action at a distance" is actually real. ( Einstein was wrong)

2.String Theory:  String Are Dead Finish.

1. Is there order in chaos? The nature of chaos is not well understood, it is because we do not undertand about gravity. Gravity is not inertia or 'nothing about force' as Einstein said. Eintein's theory of general relativity didn’t entirely explain the universe. He spent the last 30 years of his life trying to reconcile his physics of the very big with the physics of the very small—quantum mechanics. He failed. 

Gravity is force, and it come due the effects of the well balance of universe. How about speed of gravity? Gravity travel with infinity velocity.

"The theory also tells us that nothing can travel faster than light. The special theory of relativity was very successful in explaining that the speed of light appears the same to all observers (as shown by the Michelson-Morley experiment) and in describing what happens when things move at speeds close to the speed of light. However, it was inconsistent with the Newtonian theory of gravity, which said that objects attracted each other with a force that depended on the distance between them. This meant that if one moved one of the objects, the force on the other one would change instantaneously. Or in other gravitational effects should travel with infinite velocity, instead of at or below the speed of light, as the special theory of relativity required. Einstein made a number of unsuccessful attempts between 1908 and 1914 to find a theory of gravity that was consistent with special relativity. Finally, in 1915, he proposed what we now call the general theory of relativity. Einstein made the revolutionary suggestion that gravity is not a force like other forces, but is a consequence of the fact that space-time is not flat, as had been previously assumed: it is curved, or “warped,” by the didistribution of mass and energy in it." (Stephen Hawking, A Brief History of Time).

NOW WE KNOW General Relativity is wrong .

WHERE DOES GRAVITY COME FROM?

Emma Stone image come from Pinterest

Gravity. The average person probably doesn’t think about it on a daily basis, but yet gravity affects our every move. Because of gravity, we fall down (not up), objects crash to the floor, and we don’t go flying off into space when we jump in the air. The old adage, “everything that goes up must come down” makes perfect sense to everyone because from the day we are born, we are seemingly bound to Earth’s surface due to this all-pervasive invisible force.

But physicists think about gravity all the time. To them, gravity is one of the mysteries to be solved in order to get a complete understanding of how the Universe works.

So, what is gravity and where does it come from?

To be honest, we’re not entirely sure.

We know from Isaac Newton and his law of gravitation that any two objects in the Universe exert a force of attraction on each other. This relationship is based on the mass of the two objects and the distance between them. The greater the mass of the two objects and the shorter the distance between them, the stronger the pull of the gravitational forces they exert on each other.

We also know that gravity can work in a complex system with several objects. For example, in our own Solar System, not only does the Sun exert gravity on all the planets, keeping them in their orbits, but each planet exerts a force of gravity on the Sun, as well as all the other planets, too, all to varying degrees based on the mass and distance between the bodies.

And it goes beyond just our Solar System, as actually, every object that has mass in the Universe attracts every other object that has mass — again, all to varying degrees based on mass and distance.

( UNIVERSE TODAY)




WHERE DOES GRAVITY COME FROM?

Or Where does the energy for gravity come from?

It is not impossible energy for Earth's gravity come from Earth's Radiation, The earth's radiation in this case is - all of the radiation / Earth's energy - including energy that come from earth's magnetism, and in the frame aether exist, because gravity itself  is the clue the existing of undetectable of aether. 

In fact, Earth received energy in the form of radiation from the Sun. For the Earth to remain in balance the energy coming into and leaving the Earth must equal.

To be sure, gravity come from universe itself. Not from spacetime.

There no such spacetime or space-time and warped space, or what? Ripples in spacetime ....... Gravitational waves cause by two black holes collide .....

Clearly in print Einstein's proving method for his hypothesis the deflection of light by the Sun is not scientific and deeply wrong. The general relativity has been wrong since the beginning, how can black holes exist and how can big bang theory correct ??

"What should you do when you find you have made a mistake like that? Some people never admit that they are wrong and continue to find new, and often mutually inconsistent, arguments to support their case." (Stephen Hawking)

The Energy for Earth's Gravity Come from The Sun

Read more :



1, Radiation / electromagnetic radiation were discovered in the early 19th century, it's about 74 years after Isaac Newton had died (25 December 1642-20 March 1727).

Johann Wilhelm Ritter was born in 1776 in Samitz, Silesia, which is now part of Poland. He worked as a pharmacist between 1791 and 1795 and then attended the University of Jena to study science and medicine. While at the University, Ritter performed numerous experiments.


Johann Ritter is best known for his discovery of ultraviolet light in 1801. A year earlier, in 1800, William Herschel discovered infrared light. This was the first time that a form of light beyond visible light had been detected. After hearing about Herschel's discovery of an invisible form of light beyond the red portion of the spectrum, Ritter decided to conduct experiments to determine if invisible light existed beyond the violet end of the spectrum as well.

( Discovery Ultraviolet Light )


2.Radiation transfer from Sun to Earth.

Properties of Solar radiation: The Sun is located at the center of our Solar System, at a distance of about 150 x 106 kilometers from Earth. With a surface temperature of 5780 K (degrees Kelvin = degrees C + 273.15), the energy flux at the surface of the Sun is approximately 63 x 106 W/m2 (Do you know what law of radiative transfer do we use to calculate this number? Check the link to radiative heat transfer.) This radiative flux maximizes at a wavelength of about 0.5 μm (can you show that this is true based on the laws of radiative heat transfer?) which is at the center of the visible part of the spectrum.

Solar radiation on Earth: As the Sun's energy spreads through space its spectral characteristics do not change because space contains almost no interfering matter. However the energy flux drops monotonically as the square of the distance from the Sun. Thus, when the radiation reaches the outer limit of the Earth's atmosphere, several hundred kilometers over the Earth's surface, the radiative flux is approximately 1360 W/m2 (Can you calculate this number from the flux at the surface of the Sun and the distance to the Earth? Can you figure out the flux on Pluto, which is 39 times as far from the sun as Earth?).

Effect of orbit's shape: The radiation at the top of the atmosphere varies by about 3.5% over the year, as the Earth spins around the Sun. This is because the Earth's orbit is not circular but elliptical, with the Sun located in one of the foci of the ellipse. The Earth is closer to the sun at one time of year (a point referred to as perihelion) than at the "opposite" time (a point referred to as aphelion). The time-of-year when the Earth is at perihelion moves continuously around the calendar year with a period of 21,000-years. At present perihelion occurs in the middle of the Northern Hemisphere winter. The annual average radiative solar flux at the top of the Earth's atmosphere (=1360 W/m2) is sometimes referred to as the Solar Constant because it has changed by no more than a few percent over the recent history of the Earth (last few hundred years). There are however important variations in this flux over longer, so-called "geological", time scales, to which the Earth glaciation cycles are attributed.

(  Columbia.Edu- Radiation )

3.Earth's energy budget and Radiative equilibrium

Earth's energy budget accounts for how much energy comes into the Earth's climate system from the Sun, how much energy is lost to space and accounting for the remainder on Earth and its atmosphere.Quantifying changes in these amounts is required to accurately model climate.

Received radiation is unevenly distributed over the planet, because the Sun heats equatorial regions more than polar regions. Energy is absorbed by the atmosphere and hydrosphere and, in a process informally described as Earth's heat engine, the solar heating is distributed through evaporation of surface water, convection, rainfall, winds and ocean circulation. When incoming solar energy is balanced by an equal flow of heat to space, Earth is in radiative equilibrium and global temperatures stabilize

( Earth's Radiaton )


4. Aether Theories.


Einstein sometimes used the word aether for the gravitational field within general relativity, but this terminology never gained widespread support.


( Aether Theories )

Gravity is the force to maintain the well balanced universe. Where does the energy for gravity come from? It is not impossible the energy for Earth's gravity come from Earth's radiation. For example, the energy for Jupiter's gravity come from Jupiter's radiation.

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NOW WE KNOW General Relativity is wrong .

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WHAT IS GRAVITY ? THE FORCE DUE TO THE EFFECTS OF WELL BALANCED UNIVERSE

What is gravity?

 photoshoplady 

Gravity is a force to maintain the well balanced  of the Universe

 How did our universe get to be so homogenous, beautiful and special ? Gravity is the builders the balance of universe and all the celestial bodies

How did our planet and atmosphere get to be so regular ? The formation of Earth’s atmosphere was caused by Earth’s gravity. Earth’s gravity is the builders of Earth’s atmosphere. Planet’s gravity is the builders of planet’s atmosphere.(GSA)

ARISTOTLE.

In the 4th century BC, the Greek philosopher Aristotle believed that there is no effect or motion without a cause. The cause of the downward motion of heavy bodies, such as the element earth, was related to their nature, which caused them to move downward toward the center of the universe, which was their natural place. 

Conversely, light bodies such as the element fire, move by their nature upward toward the inner surface of the sphere of the Moon. Thus in Aristotle's system heavy bodies are not attracted to the earth by an external force of gravity, but tend toward the center of the universe because of an inner gravitas or heaviness.

BRAHMAGUPTA

Brahmagupta, the Indian astronomer and mathematician whose work influenced Arab mathematics in the 9th century, held the view that the earth was spherical and that it attracted objects. Al Hamdānī and Al Biruni quote Brahmagupta saying "Disregarding this, we say that the earth on all its sides is the same; all people on the earth stand upright, and all heavy things fall down to the earth by a law of nature, for it is the nature of the earth to attract and to keep things, as it is the nature of water to flow, that of fire to burn, and that of the wind to set in motion. 

If a thing wants to go deeper down than the earth, let it try. The earth is the only low thing, and seeds always return to it, in whatever direction you may throw them away, and never rise upwards from the earth.

ISAAC NEWTON

During the 17th century, Galileo found that, counter to Aristotle's teachings, all objects accelerated equally when falling.

In the late 17th century, as a result of Robert Hooke's suggestion that there is a gravitational force which depends on the inverse suare of the distance. Isaac Newton was able to mathematically derive Kepler’s  three kinematic laws of planetary motion  including the eclliptical orbits for the six then known planets and the Moon:

"I deduced that the forces which keep the planets in their orbs must be reciprocally as the squares of their distances from the centres about which they revolve, and thereby compared the force requisite to keep the moon in her orb with the force of gravity at the surface of the earth and found them to answer pretty nearly."

— Isaac Newton, 1666

So Newton's original formula was:

where the symbol  

means "is proportional to"  

.

To make this into an equal-sided formula or equation, there needed to be a multiplying factor or constant that would give the correct force of gravity no matter the value of the masses or distance between them. This gravitational contant was first measured in 1797 by Henry Cavendish.




ALBERT EINTEIN

In 1907 Albert Einstein, in what was described by him as "the happiest thought of my life", realized that an observer who is falling from the roof of a house experiences no gravitational field. In other words, gravitation was exactly equivalent to accelerations.. Between 1911 and 1915 this idea, initially stated as the Equivalence principle, was formally developed into Einstein's theory of general relativity.
- Einstein's theory of gravity - nothing about force, the behavior of objects, the planets, for example, not in terms attraction but simply in the terms of the paths they follow in a warped space  
- The key idea of Einstein's theory of general relativity is that gravity is not an ordinary force, but rather a property of space-time geometry.

In Einstein's theory of general relativity, gravity is a distortion of space-time. Particles still follow the straightest possible paths in that space-time. But because space-time is now distorted, even on those straightest paths, particles accelerate as if they were under the influence of what Newton called the gravitational force. (einsteinonline).

UNTIL NOW,we use Isaac Newton's Gravity, so far

1.What is Gravity?

Gravity is the force that attracts two bodies toward each other, the force that causes apples to fall toward the ground and the planets to orbit the sun. The more massive an object is, the stronger its gravitational pull.(livescience)

2.Definition.

The force that attracts a body towards the centre of the earth, or towards any other physical body having mass.(Oxford Dictionary).

Newton's law of universal gravitation states that any two bodies in the universe attract each other with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. 

3.New Definition of Gravity: 

Gravity is the force due to the effects of well balanced universe / mass balance.

New definition just another term for definition. All about gravity is the same with Newton's gravity, and the most important thing about gravity is force.

4.Background ideas



There is no effect or motion without a cause (Aristotle). Gravity is an EFFECT, and the universe balance / the mass balance is the CAUSE.

Balance is the Fundamental Law of Universe

5.The universe demands balance.

The universe demands balance.  The Law of Compensation is that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.  If the pendulum swings one way, it must always swing back the other way.  If you will, for a moment, stop; and consider that these swings of rhythm are also evidenced in your life. Courage is preceded by fear.  Happiness and sadness oscillate. 

The ancients say, "The man who enjoys well can also be subject to great suffering.  The man who feels little pain is capable of feeling but little joy."

Mentally, however, it is possible to escape the low end by rising above it.  We are able to overcome the swing of the pendulum by making the vibrations higher and rising above the lower vibrations.  In essence, we are raising the vibrations of the self above the ordinary plane of consciousness, and then simply "refusing" to allow the pendulum of emotion and mood to swing us back.

Even so, the Law of Compensation is operative.  You will probably find that there is no such thing as an overnight success.  One generally pays the price for what he wants to attain.  The things that one pays a price for are always repaid.

Always remember that everything is subject to the principle of cause and effect.  There is a cause for every effect, and vice versa.  Regardless of a belief that says that there is no cause and effect, the principle is always operative.

Eight Priciples

Ying and YANG as symbol of balance of the Universe (123rfcom)

6.Earth's Gravity

a.Gravity and Atmosphere

Gravity is what keeps a planet's gaseous atmosphere from spreading out into space away from the planet. If we compare the gravitational pull of each planet in our solar system we would find them to be different. This is because a planet's gravity is related to its mass. Usually the greater a planet's mass, the greater the gravitational pull.

b.Gravity and Tides

The gravitational attraction between the Earth and the moon is strongest on the side of the Earth that happens to be facing the moon, simply because it is closer. This attraction causes the water on this “near side” of Earth to be pulled toward the moon. As gravitational force acts to draw the water closer to the moon, inertia attempts to keep the water in place. But the gravitational force exceeds it and the water is pulled toward the moon, causing a “bulge” of water on the near side toward the moon.


c.Gravity and Earthquake

The relation between plate tectonics and earthquake evolution is analyzed systematically on the basis of 1998–2010 absolute and relative gravity data from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China. Most earthquakes originated in the plate boundary or within the fault zone. Tectonic deformation was most intense and exhibited discontinuity within the tectonically active fault zone because of the differential movement; the stress accumulation produced an abrupt gravity change, which was further enhanced by the earthquake. The gravity data from mainland China since 2000 obviously reflected five major earthquakes (Ms > 7), all of which were better reflected than before 2000. Regional gravity anomalies and a gravity gradient change were observed in the area around the epicenter about 2 or 3 years before the earthquake occurred, suggesting that gravity change may be a seismic precursor. Furthermore, in this study, the medium-term predictions of the Ms7.3 Yutian, Ms8.0 Wenchuan, and Ms7.0 Lushan earthquakes are analytically presented and evaluated, especially to estimate location of earthquake.


d.Gravity Waves, gravity in fluid dinamics

In fluid dynamics, gravity waves are waves generated in a fluid medium or at the interface between two media when the force of gravity or buoyancy tries to restore equilibrium. An example of such an interface is that between the atmosphere and the ocean, which gives rise to wind waves.

When a fluid element is displaced on an interface or internally to a region with a different density, gravity will try to restore it toward equilibrium, resulting in an oscillation about the equilibrium state or wave orbit.[1] Gravity waves on an air–sea interface of the ocean are called surface gravity waves or surface waves, while gravity waves that are within the body of the water (such as between parts of different densities) are called internal waves. Wind-generated waves on the water surface are examples of gravity waves, as are tsunamis and ocean tides.

Wind-generated gravity waves on the free surface of the Earth's ponds, lakes, seas and oceans have a period of between 0.3 and 30 seconds (3 Hz to 0.03 Hz). Shorter waves are also affected by surface tension and are called gravity–capillary waves and (if hardly influenced by gravity) capillary waves. Alternatively, so-called infragravity waves, which are due to subharmonic nonlinear wave interaction with the wind waves, have periods longer than the accompanying wind-generated waves.


e.Gravity Waves can energize Tornados

Gravity waves are global events. Much like the ripples on a massive pond, these large-scale waves can propagate from an atmospheric disturbance over thousands of miles. These waves are maintained by the gravitational force of Earth pulling down and the buoyancy of the atmosphere pushing up. Until now it has been hard to link atmospheric gravity waves with other atmospheric phenomena, but new research suggests that gravity waves passing over storms can spin up highly dangerous and damaging tornados… Suddenly gravity waves become very important and may help to forecast where and when tornados may strike.


f.Gravity and Tsunami


A tsunami can be generated by any disturbance that displaces a large water mass from its equilibrium position. Submarine landslides, which often occur during a large earthquake, can also create a tsunami. During a submarine landslide, the equilibrium sea-level is altered by sediment moving along the sea-floor. Gravitational forces then propagate the tsunami given the initial perturbation of the sea-level.


g.Gravity and Katabatic wind


A katabatic wind,  is the technical name for a drainage wind, a wind that carries high density air from a higher elevation down a slope under the force of gravity. Such winds are sometimes also called fall winds. Katabatic winds can rush down elevated slopes at hurricane speeds, but most are not as intense as that, and many are of the order of 10 knots (18 km/h) or less.

Not all downslope winds are katabatic. For instance, winds such as the föhn, chinook, and bergwind are rain shadow winds where air driven upslope on the windward side of a mountain range drops its moisture and descends leeward drier and warmer. Examples of true katabatic winds include the bora (or bura) in the Adriatic, the Bohemian Wind or Böhmwind in the Ore Mountains, the Santa Ana in southern California, and the oroshi in Japan. Another example is "the Barber", an enhanced katabatic wind that blows over the town of Greymouth in New Zealand when there is a southeast flow over the South Island. It is a wind that is known in the area for its coldness.

Gravity is the force to maintain the well balanced universe. Isaac Newton's theory has done it, but Albert Einstein's theory hasn't done anything to maintain the well balanced universe.

 

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NOW WE KNOW General Relativity is wrong .

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