GRAVITATIONAL REDSHIFT/BLUESHIFT IS INDOSHIFT, IT IS CAUSED BY REFRACTION

Redshift caused by refraction, not gravity

It is quite clear that deflection of starlight caused by refraction, not gravity. The term of gravitational redshift as we know is the term in the frame deflection of starlight by the Sun or light bending by gravity field of massive object.

ALBERT EINSTEIN FAILED IN THREE CLASSICAL TESTS

The life time of Minkowski and his former student Albert Einstein  before the modern astronomy arise. They do not understand about 'The Space and Time', namely The Celestial Sphere, one of the fundamental concepts in the modern astronomy. They knowing not about Nautical Almanac as "holy book" in science of modern astronomy, that says refraction of light of celestial bodies can not be ignored. 

That is why, in Special and General Theory of Relativity Albert Einstein ignored the celestial sphere and refraction of light. 

A theory of four-dimensional space–time or 4D known as the "Minkowski spacetime" was misleading. There are no 4D, but 3D +1D in Modern Astronomy: Celestial Sphere Coordinate System. Einstein general theory of relativity  was totally wrong.(GSA)

“Einstein’s Law of Gravitation contains nothing about force. It describes the behaviour of objects in  a gravitational field – the planets, for example – not in terms of ‘ attraction ‘ but simply in terms of the paths they follow. To Einstein, gravitation is simple part of inertia; the movement of the stars and the planets arise from their inherent inertia; and the courses they follow are determined by the metric properties of space – or, more properly speaking,  the metric properties of the space-time continuum “  (Lincoln Barnett,  The Universe and Dr. Einstein, London, June 1949,  page 72 ).